Understanding Strokes: Causes, Symptoms, and Types

A stroke is a medical emergency that occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted, depriving it of oxygen and nutrients. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and types of strokes is critical for early detection and treatment, which can significantly improve outcomes.

Causes of Stroke

Strokes are primarily caused by:

Blocked arteries (Ischemic Stroke): This is the most common type and occurs when a blood clot or plaque buildup blocks blood flow to the brain.

Burst blood vessels (Hemorrhagic Stroke): This happens when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures, causing bleeding.

Temporary blood flow blockage (Transient Ischemic Attack, TIA): Also known as a mini-stroke, TIAs cause symptoms similar to a stroke but resolve within 24 hours without permanent damage.

Symptoms of Stroke

Recognizing the signs of a stroke can save lives. Use the FAST acronym:

Face: Is one side of the face drooping?

Arms: Is there weakness or inability to lift one arm?

Speech: Is speech slurred or strange?

Time: Time to call emergency services immediately.

Other symptoms may include sudden confusion, trouble seeing, difficulty walking, and severe headache.

Types of Stroke

Ischemic Stroke: Caused by blood clots or narrowed arteries.

Hemorrhagic Stroke: Resulting from ruptured blood vessels.

TIA: Temporary blockage with no lasting damage.

Cryptogenic Stroke: A stroke with no identifiable cause.

Understanding these basics can help you act quickly and seek medical help, potentially saving a life.